Anatomy of Shoulder joint

 Anatomy of Shoulder joint

Introduction:

The shoulder joint, also known as the glenohumeral joint, is the most mobile joint in the human body. It's a ball-and-socket joint formed by the articulation of the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) with the glenoid cavity of the scapula (shoulder blade).

Bones Of Shoulder Joint:

Humerus: The head of the humerus

 is a rounded surface that fits into 

the glenoid cavity.

Scapula:

 The glenoid cavity is a shallow, pear-shaped depression on the shoulder blade. It's deepened by a fibrocartilaginous rim called the labrum, which helps to stabilize the joint.

Clavicle: 

It is contected with axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle .

Ligaments:

Glenohumeral ligaments:

 These ligaments connect the humerus to the glenoid cavity and provide stability to the joint.

Coracohumeral ligament:

This ligament connects the coracoid process of the scapula to the humerus and helps to prevent the humerus from dislocating anteriorly (forward).

Acromioclavicular ligament: 

This ligament connects the acromion process of the scapula to the clavicle (collarbone) and helps to stabilize the acromioclavicular joint.

Tendons:

Rotator cuff tendons: 

The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles that surround the shoulder joint and help to stabilize it. The tendons of these muscles attach to the humerus and the glenoid cavity.

Biceps brachii tendon: 

The biceps brachii muscle helps to flex the elbow and supinate the forearm. Its tendon passes through the bicipital groove of the humerus and attaches to the glenoid cavity.

Nerves and blood vessels:

The shoulder joint is supplied by several nerves and blood vessels that provide it with sensation and blood flow.

Movements:

The shoulder joint is capable of a wide range of movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation.